SomeAmericanPlaintif shave file dsuitagainst Chinesevitamin Cmanufacturers，alleging that they engaged in an illegal cartel to fi x prices and limit supply for exports，including those to the United States.Defendants donotdisputethatthecartelagreements atissueviolatetheantitrustlaws save foroneprimary defense:thatthey were compelled by the Chinese govern menttofixprices.Theyhave fi ledamoti onforsummaryju dgmentbaseduponthatdefenseandtherelateddoctrines ofcomityandact of state. The American court concludes that Chinese law did not compel defendants' conduct. Therefore， summaryjudgment must be denied.