This paper uses the data of Chinese listed companies in 2011 to test the hypothesis of“selfselection” and“learning by exporting”about the relationship of export and productivity in service enterprises. The results indicate that: (1)there are significant impacts of export on productivity of Chinese service enterprises, and the enhancing of productivity will also promote the scale of export trade; (2)the study on enterprises of different ownership shows that the state-owned enterprises both support the hypothesis of“self-selection”and“learning by exporting”. The non state-owned enterprises only support the“learning by exporting”hypothesis. China needs to promote the development of trade in services and the reform of state-owned enterprises, and implement antimonopoly policy.