There are many contradictions about what kind of effect the export has on the productivity of Chinese enterprises in the conclusion of the literature. In focus on three factors including enterprise TFP calculating methods, enterprise import and export trade mode which the literature did not consider, this paper retests the effect of export on the productivity of Chinese enterprises. The results show that in addition to the pure processing trade enterprises, the behavior of export manufacturing enterprises is still showing self-selection effect; from the perspective of new entrants to the export market, Chinese enterprises have significant“learning by exporting”effect, which provides support and evidence for the promotion effect the export has on the productivity of Chinese enterprises; from the perspective of export intensity, the effect of“productivity loss”or“productivity suppression”exists on the exporters’ activities. This also reflects the possible negative effect the export has on Chinese enterprise productivity. In this paper, the results of the test and its interpretation provide more reasonable micro empirical evidence, in order to understand the effect of export on the productivity of Chinese enterprises and the comprehensive effect of export on China's economic development, .