The“One Belt One Road”initiative is a great proposal put forward by China in the complicated world scenario. The present economic globalization regime and mechanism is featuring significant transformation while the bases and conditions for China to participate in the economic globalization process are changing materially. The international community is currently forming a more highly diversified perception and expectation of China than ever, which calls for deepened institutional reform and expedited opening to the outside on the China’s part. In promoting such an initiative, China needs to cling to the principles of linking, co-building, interconnecting, winwin and mutual benefit to meet the complex and various challenges and risks for a grip of new opportunities and realization of pragmatic effects.