In the past 15 years since China’s accession to the WTO, China has achieved remarkable economic performance, and its status in the international trade has been rising rapidly. However, as one of the unfulfilled issues of China’s accession to the WTO, China’s market economy status(MES) has always been a controversial subject. For whether China can automatically obtain MES at the end of 2016, there are different opinions among China, Europe and the United States. The recognition of MES will profoundly affect the probability of being “anti-dumping”for China’s exports, which is very important to the development of China’s trade. This article sorts out the legal, economic and political factors which influence the countries such as Europe and the United States who do not want to recognize China’s MES. So the Chinese government should actively respond by strengthening diplomatic efforts, urging Europe and the United States and other countries to fulfill WTO obligations, while constantly improving China’s market economy system.