Based on the environmental products list of both APEC and OECD, this paper has analyzed the relevant trade data of China’s environmental goods from 2003 to 2013 and finds that China’s environmental product trade volume is growing rapidly and export structure and market distribution structure are stable. Based on the Constant Market Share Model, it analyzes the main factors affecting the export of environmental products, which are classified into factors of structure effect and competitiveness effect. The empirical study results demonstrate as follows: enhancing the overall competitiveness of environmental goods is the most crucial source of exports growth for environmental goods, while the structural effect and cross effect do not contribute much to the export trade growth. It is suggested that China should formulate and implement new foreign trade development strategy on environmental products as soon as possible, actively adjust the original unreasonable product structure and market structure, and further enhance the competitiveness of environmental product export .