This paper measures the export technological structure of 48 countries and regions with adjusted export sophistication index. It analyzes the relation between export technological structure and economic growth based on econometric model of China’s data during 1992~2013. The main conclusions are the following: (1) China’s export sophistication has a certain degree of improvement, but still lags behind those of most developed countries. The economic growth level of scattered point analysis also conforms to China’s economic development level, so China does not feature “Rodrik paradox”; (2) the co-integration analysis shows that export technological structure of ascension is one of the engines of economic growth, but otherwise it is not established. This article puts forward policy suggestions for China to promote the upgrading of export technological structure and maintain a strong momentum of economic growth.