It appears that the disciplines for State-owned enterprises and designated monopolies in the Trans- Pacific Partnership Agreement are to some extent modelled on those in the World Trade Organization, particularly the latter’s rules on State-trading enterprises and monopolized services suppliers as well as on subsidies granted by governments. Nevertheless, this Agreement goes beyond the WTO rules in several aspects, particularly its provisions regarding the definition of State-owned enterprises and designated monopolies, non-commercial government assistance, investment by State-owned enterprises, general exceptions, country-specific exemptions and dispute settlement. It addresses these issues either in an inventive manner or in a more concrete or more specific manner. As the highest-standard regional free trade agreement concluded so far, the comprehensive provisions in this Agreement will likely become references not only for future regional trade agreements in setting disciplines for State-owned enterprises/designated monopolies, but also for negotiating future rules in the World Trade Organization to deepen its disciplines for State-owned enterprises and designated monopolies. Hence it is worth examining the similarities and dissimilarities between the provisions under the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement and the World Trade Organization agreements