The Belt and Road Initiative regards the railway as a basic means of linking the relevant economic corridors of Eurasia. The Asia-Europe railway infrastructure is already in the forefront of the world in terms of “hardware”connectivity, while the matching rules are still at a backward level. The“Convention Concerning International Carriage of Goods by Rail”and the“Agreement on International Railroad through Transport of Goods”are two important conventions for the cross-border railway transportation activities in Eurasia. The conflict and confusion in the application of the rules has hindered the rapid development of Asia-Europe railway transportation and trade exchanges, and betrayed the principle of“road connection”and“unblocked transaction”of the Belt and Road Initiative. China needs to participate in and dominate the unified railway legislation of Eurasia and transplant international rules into China’s railway law.