Under the background of sluggish world economic recovery and slow growth of China’s export trade, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the matching between China’s export market structure and the world import market structure. Taking manufacturing industry as an example, on the basis of subdividing it into labor-intensive, capital intensive and technology intensive manufacturing industry, this paper studies the matching degree, changing direction and fluctuation range of China’s export market and the world import market by constructing the index system of Spearman Index, Beneficial Index, Lawrence Index, and so on. This paper compares China with the United States and Japan in order to provide reference for the optimization and upgrading of the export market structure of China’s manufacturing industry.