In order to promote the rapid development of the Belt and Road Initiatives on maritime trade, the conflict of Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (COGSA) of countries alongside shall be coordinated. As far as the deviation is concerned, some countries either accede to Hague Rules, Visby Rules and Hamburg Rules, or convert them into domestic law, the carrier undertakes the“deviation liability”in the maritime law; some other countries do not enact COGSA, or incorporate deviation clauses into the COGSA, the carrier takes the “fault liability” in the civil and commercial law.“Deviation liability”is lower than“fault liability”from the aspects of“liability principle”and“exemption clause”. The former shows the efficiency from the perspective of law and economics. China needs to adopt Rotterdam Rules as a Regional Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea, or retain the original provisions and incorporate clauses of the Convention when amending Chinese Maritime Law so as to achieve the strategic goal of“seeking common ground while reserving differences”.