The development of digital economy brings huge data flow. As a new factor of production, data has become the key to lead the value chain division of labor and enterprise competitiveness. The circulation and value creation of data in international dimension through global digital platform constitute global data value chain. Under the current global data value chain division system, a small number of countries with large digital platforms live in the high-end production division of global data value chain, while most developing countries are in the low-end subordinate position. According to its own business model, digital platform transforms data into digital intelligence and monetizes it to realize value creation and capture. At the same time, global data value chain also brings some risks and challenges. China should formulate and improve policies to cultivate new data factor markets and global digital platform enterprises, achieve inclusive development of the digital economy, and promote its position in the global data value chain.