The construction of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road is an important measure to facilitate international cooperation, promote international trade and accelerate the pace of“going global”for Chinese enterprises. This paper firstly classifies the 23 countries along the route into four regions according to a mature way of geographical division, and identifies the geographical characteristics of countries in different regions, namely regional and differential features, four aspects of natural resource level, geographical distance, humanistic environment and investment environment. Then a risk indicator system is constructed through literature review and experts’judgements using the Delphi method. Each indicator is given a particular weight based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to further evaluate the risks of the countries along the route qualitatively and quantitatively. After analyzing the main risks, their sources and causes of different regions on the basis of regional characteristics, practical suggestions are finally proposed considering the actual situation of each region.