Building up national strength with international trade has been an important strategy of China during the 13th Five-year Plan period. In the era of digital economy, the traditional competitive advantages of foreign trade have been difficult to adapt to the development requirements, and it is necessary to study the evaluation criteria of trading powers in the era of digital economy. This article proposes the definition of a powerful country in digital trade from the macro, meso and micro perspectives, and on this basis, establishes a digital trade power evaluation index system to evaluate countries. Among the countries, the United States, China, Japan, Germany and the United Kingdom are potential powerful countries in digital trade. The United States is the“omnipotently potential powerful country in digital trade”. China is the“highly potential powerful country of digital trade”. Japan and Germany are the“potential powerful country in digital trade power driven by digital manufacturing industry”. The United Kingdom is the“potential powerful country in digital trade driven by digital service industry”. At the same time, China’s digital market index ranks first among the five countries, and the trade potential index performs relatively well. However, the digital trade structure needs to be optimized, and the digital trade environment should be improved.