Based on the matching data of TiVA and China’s manufacturing industry, this paper estimates and analyzes the industrial division’s GVC position and TFP indexes evolution, and tests the influence of GVC position on industrial TFP from the aspects of export heterogeneity and technology heterogeneity. The results indicate that the improvement of China manufacturing industry GVC position has significant promoting effects on the industrial TFP. In the export-oriented industries and technology-intensity industries, the rise of China’s manufacturing industry GVC position is more conductive to improving TFP; but in the domestic market-oriented industries and the resources and labors intensity industries, the effects are not notably overworked; the promotion effects are dominated by technology-intensity with export-oriented industries. The policy implications in promoting technological progress, optimizing resource allocation and exploiting economies of scale are proposed to facilitate better use of influence of GVC position on TFP promotion.