Quality and safety guarantee measures related to inspection, quarantine, harmonization and equivalence, third-party certification and risk assessment related to COVID-19 pandemic prevention belong to the SPS measures defined in the WTO SPS Agreement. The SPS Agreement and the Decision on Equivalence issued by the SPS Committee establish the rules for equivalence recognition of SPS measures. From the perspective of the global COVID-19 preventing practice, both the WHO and the Untied States have implemented their own unilateral and independent recognition of China’s pandemic prevention supplies and vaccines based on the fair access and fair distribution of vaccines and the emergency use of pandemic prevention, respectively. The Emergency Use Authorization of pandemic prevention supplies is a minimalist form of equivalence recognition of SPS measures. China should strengthen the quality control over epidemic prevention products, promote international coordination of SPS measures for epidemic prevention products, and actively participate in cross national certification to strengthen the SPS recognition base of COVID-19 prevention, and reduce the trade distortions of the global epidemic prevention public goods with the vaccines as the core.