A high-quality urban development evaluation system is built based on 22 indicators in 8 aspects, including economic potential enterprise efficiency, resident income, financial development, fiscal revenue and expenditure, opening to the outside world, science, education, culture, health and living environment of 30 domestic node cities under the Belt and Road Initiatives. The improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to quantify and analyze the high-quality development index of cities, and 30 important node cities were divided into 5 categories to investigate the strength, potential and development weaknesses of high-quality development of cities. The results show that each of the five types of cities has its own significant characteristics in terms of evaluation factor and high-quality development level, and there are certain commonalities in the development trend of the same type of city or the same factor. The fourth and fifth types of cities should make up for the shortcomings in science, education, culture and health, enterprise efficiency and opening up in time.