The enactment of Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Providing Judicial Guarantee for the Building of Pilot Free Trade Zones and Ad Hoc Arbitration Rules of Hengqin Free Trade Zone marks the landing of temporary arbitration system in China’s free trade zones. Various free trade zones have also begun to try out the temporary arbitration system. At present, China’s temporary arbitration system faces the following difficulties. The“three specifics”constitutive requirements of arbitration agreement are not clear，the scope of application subject has limitations. The provisions on the conversion procedure between interim arbitration and institutional arbitration still need to be improved, also lack of guarantees of arbitral tribunal autonomy. There are two main reasons behind these difficulties. Firstly, historical reasons lead to the backwardness of the concept of ad hoc arbitration in China, which leads to the lagging in legislation. Secondly, due to lack of corresponding institutional orientation, there are competition and exclusion between temporary arbitration and institutional arbitration. In order to break through the dilemma, it is necessary to establish the status of ad hoc arbitration in China’s legal system through gradual revision and interpretation of the law to establish its legitimacy basis. Second, to improve the specific rules of the temporary arbitration system, the specific requirements of elements should be clarified, and it is also necessary to clarify the statutory authority of the arbitral tribunal, guarantee the autonomy of the arbitral tribunal. Finally, we should promote the combination and dislocation development of temporary arbitration and institutional arbitration, and ensure that the ad hoc arbitration system can fully demonstrate its institutional characteristics in actual implementation.