With the gradual advancement of the WTO investment facilitation negotiation process, the dilemma of balancing interests faced in the negotiation process has not been alleviated. This paper finds that China can actively lead the WTO investment facilitation negotiation process because, starting from structural power theory, China has the production structure and financial structure to advance the investment facilitation negotiations, while China appropriately sets aside the potential challenges of the production structure. This paper introduces the structural power theory in international political economy, firstly, to theorise and re-examine the possibility of applying the theory in the investment facilitation negotiations, and then to analyse it from the perspective of structural power. Secondly, to examine the structural power theoretical underpinnings of China’s setting and leading the investment facilitation issues, and also to use structural power to analyse the main divergent proposals in the negotiation process, respectively in terms of production structure, security structure and financial structure. Finally, China’s propositions and policy recommendations for using structural power theory to lead the negotiations on investment facilitation are presented.