In recent years, Western countries represented by the United States have grossly interfered in the internal affairs of other countries under the pretext of democracy and human rights, and imposed economic sanctions on some countries, including China. In June 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress passed the Anti-foreign Sanctions Law, but the law is not currently implemented in the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions. The rights and obligations set forth in this law mainly include the adoption of countermeasures and the prohibition of the implementation of foreign economic sanctions. Countermeasures are a special form of sanctions, which have a substantial impact on the implementation of the overall foreign policy of the State, state-to-state relations and economic entities. They are foreign affairs provided for in the basic laws, and the SARs have no legislative power. However, the law may be incorporated into Annex III of the basic laws and implemented by the SARs through legislation in accordance with local characteristics. The blocking clauses in this law do not directly affect state-to-state relations and do not constitute diplomatic acts stipulated in the Basic Law.