The innovative development of digital technology has made the global value chain division of labor system to digital reconstruction, and has profoundly affected the high-quality development of China’s manufacturing industry. Based on K-T mathematical model, this paper analyzes the relationship between digital intermediate input, export domestic value added and international division of labor status under open economy conditions, and builds a theoretical analysis mechanism of global value chain digitalization and international division of labor status of enterprises. It is found that digitization of global value chain can significantly improve the international division of labor status of Chinese manufacturing enterprises through four channels: total factor productivity, trade cost, product quality and innovation ability of enterprises. The digitalization of global value chain has a strong effect on the promotion of the international division of labor status of capital-intensive enterprises, general trade enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises. The digitalization of global value chain has a significant effect on improving the international division of labor status of enterprises in regions with better intellectual property protection and higher R&D investment. Therefore, it is suggested to stimulate the vitality of enterprises to participate in the digital division of labor in the global value chain from three aspects: increasing domestic research and development of digital technology, adopting differentiated strategy guidance and strengthening the protection of digital technology intellectual property rights, so as to enhance the international competitiveness of enterprises and promote the high-quality development of China’s manufacturing industry.