Through literature review and analysis, the influencing factor system of cross-border e-commerce supply chain resilience (CBSCR) is firstly established from the perspectives of supply chain efficiency, supply chain adaptation and supply chain evolution. Then, the integrated fuzzy DEMATEL-ISM method is used to construct the mechanism model of CBSCR influencing factors. Finally, structural equation model (SEM) is used to empirically test the mechanism model of CBSCR influencing factors. (1) Supply chain evolution ability directly affects CBSCR; Supply chain efficiency capability directly affects supply chain evolution capability and indirectly affects CBSCR. Supply chain adaptability directly affects supply chain efficiency and indirectly affects CBSCR. (2) Functional redundancy, supply chain flexibility and risk management culture are the deep influencing factors of CBSCR improvement; Cooperation between partners, trust between partners and social memory are the influencing factors of enhancing CBSCR surface level. (3) Supply chain adaptability is a key aspect to improve CBSCR, which can be started from strengthening risk management culture, collaboration between partners and building supply chain agility.