Characterizing the cross-border data flow network of RTAs based on social network analysis, using the OECD-TiVA database, this paper explores the influence and mechanism of the network status of RTAs data cross-border flow rules in 66 countries on the value chain trade of digital industry from 2000 to 2020. It is found that the network hub status of RTAs data cross-border flow rules has a significant promotion effect on final goods trade, intermediate goods trade and export domestic value added in the digital industry, and this impact has a cumulative effect over time. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of RTAs data cross-border rule network on value chain trade is characterized by the heterogeneity of digital industry type, geographic distribution of contracting parties, and economic development level of trading partners, and the data cross-border rule network can alleviate the inhibition effect of financial crisis on digital industry value chain trade. The mechanism test shows that RTAs data rule network can promote the development of digital industry through two channels of R&D innovation and shortening the step length of forward value chain. This paper provides a reference for China to participate in global data governance and improve the international competitiveness of the digital industry.