Based on the implementation background of the Trump administration’s“reciprocal tariffs”policy, this paper systematically analyzes its structural impact on global industrial chains and the pathways for restructuring China’s industrial chains. The“reciprocal tariffs”policy exacerbates global industrial chain risks by shaking the foundations of the multilateral trading system, distorting global factor allocation, depriving developing countries of their right to industrial upgrading, forcing industrial chain localization, and causing welfare losses in trade. Facing this changing landscape, China needs to accelerate the construction of an independent, secure, and resilient“China Chain”system. This manifests concretely in five forms: The“China Production-U.S. Consumption”necessitybased global industrial chain; The vertically integrated global industrial chain of“China Headquarters-Non-U.S. Overseas Production Bases-U.S. Market”; The China-led“non-U.S. market-dependent”global industrial chain; The vertically integrated global industrial chain of“China Headquarters-U.S. Production-Global Sales”;Global industrial chain clusters relying on the domestic unified market. To achieve this, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of a multi-dimensional, comprehensive policy framework system of“preemption-hedgingcountermeasures”.This involves using self-directed and targeted opening-up to preempt further U.S. attempts to constrain China’s development space through technological and trade wars; strengthening the domestic economic cycle to hedge against asymmetric competition from the U.S. and Western economies; and employing a systematic policy framework design to counter the negative effects of“reciprocal tariffs”on China’s industrial chains.