This article constructs a statistical indicator system for the relationship between new quality productivity and high-quality development of OFDI at the provincial level, and conducts statistical monitoring to explore in depth the impact and spatial heterogeneity of new quality productivity on high-quality development of OFDI. The research results show that the new quality productivity has a significant positive impact on the high-quality development of OFDI in China. This conclusion is still valid after endogenous problem solving and robustness testing. This positive promotion effect is more significant for coastal provinces, with strong innovation capacity, good policy environment, and provinces along the“the Belt and Road”; New quality productivity promotes high-quality development of China’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) through technological innovation and human capital; The promotion effect of enhancing new quality productivity through regional opening-up on the high-quality development of OFDI. Further research finds that there is spatial heterogeneity in the impact of new quality productivity on the high-quality development of OFDI. The research conclusion has important theoretical value and practical significance for China to cultivate and develop new quality productive forces according to local conditions, accelerate the high-quality development of OFDI, improve the quality and level of international circulation, and shape new advantages in international cooperation and competition.