In recent years, anti-globalization forces led by the United States have unilaterally resorted to tariff sanctions, industrial decoupling, supply chain severance, and trade blockades. Such policies have severely disrupted the multilateral trading order and accelerated the deterioration of the spatial architecture of world trade toward network fragmentation, the emergence of trade-based clubs, and great-power decoupling. This paper systematically traces the continuities and shifts in U.S. trade policy across the Trump 1.0, Biden, and Trump 2.0 administrations. Drawing on bilateral trade data for the world’s major economies, it maps the structural evolution of global trade between the two Trump administrations. The analysis identifies a widening North-South divide within global trade patterns. U.S. import patterns feature de-Sinicization and friend-shoring tendencies, while China’s trade shows reduced reliance on Western markets and deeper integration with Belt and Road partners. Bilateral trade decoupling between China and the U.S. displays asymmetric characteristics. Further analysis of evolving U.S. policy signals and the spatial restructuring of trade networks among major economies suggests that, during the Trump 2.0 presidency, in the Americas, China will confront intensified de-Sinicization pressure; in Europe, China will face the politicization of emerging trade norms; and in the Asia-Pacific, China will encounter an erosion of efficiency in regional trade and investment networks. To mitigate these risks, the paper advances four policy recommendations. First, China should cultivate diversified and resilient global trade networks and construct a global free trade and investment system anchored in China. Second, China should foster an open and dynamic global innovation network that synchronizes the outward diffusion and inward absorption of innovation resources. Third, China should build a secure and efficient trade service architecture to disperse the risks arising from the heightened uncertainty of Sino-U.S. economic friction. Fourth, China should champion a fair and equitable global governance regime in partnership with the broader developing world to safeguard common development interests.