The TikTok incident has profoundly revealed the complexity of the digital sovereignty game, reflecting changes in the power structure and reshaping the pattern of international technological competition in the context of the digital economy. By generalizing the concept of national security and maintaining global data hegemony as its core goal, the United States expands its data control rights externally and closely defends its data sovereignty boundary internally, while China responds positively to external pressures through technological innovations and legal constructions to safeguard its own data sovereignty and the global development space of platform enterprises. This game not only shows the situation of“attack”and“defence”, but also exposes the risk of fragmentation and the tendency of institutional confrontation faced by global data governance. Based on this, China should, on the basis of data sovereignty, enhance its rule-shaping capacity through independent innovation of core digital technologies; replace the vague narrative of“data security”with“free flow of data in accordance with the law,”so as to reduce ideological conflicts; actively participate in international rule-making through bilateral, multilateral, and regional cooperation. At the same time, China needs to use the TikTok incident as an opportunity to explore a data sovereignty dialogue mechanism with the United States and other relevant parties to manage potential conflicts and provide a possible path for building a fair and stable global data governance order.